你更喜歡手繪還是計算機化目視化管理流程
(三)
作者:Art Byrne
用目視化管理激勵團隊
最重要的是,這些基本信息將作業人員作為一個團隊鏈接在一起,共同滿足客戶需求。
And most importantly, this essential information brings the operators together as a team to meet customer demand.
目視化管理的激勵因素是十分重要的,不應該低估它。
The motivational factor of visual management is exceptional; you should not underestimate it.
在中國的一個線模工廠(Wiremold),我們使用分別位于幾個過道邊上的8--10個單元生產線,生產過電源保護器和GFCI墻插。
At one Wiremold plant in China, we made surge protectors and GFCI wall plugs, employing eight to 10 cells to make these products on different sides
of several aisles.
每個單元生產線都使用了類似上面那樣的小時制目視化控制板。
Each cell used an hourly visual control board like the one above.
他們還采用了一個簡單的旗幟(標識)系統,綠色旗幟表示生產按計劃進行,紅色旗幟表示作業出了問題。
They also used a simple flag system with a green flag marking when things were on track and a red flag indicating when things were off.
每小時升起相應的旗幟向主管傳達當前狀態,主管可以僅通過觀察過道下方的旗幟來了解所有狀況。
Raising the appropriate flag every hour signaled the current state to the supervisor, who could see all flags merely by looking down the aisle.
這些簡單的目視化控制可以實時指示出問題作業單元,促使我們盡快解決問題。
These simple visual controls indicated problem cells in real time, prompting us to fix them as soon as possible.
不需要花費金錢將目視化管理系統計算機化或制作精美的顯示屏,簡單而廉價的方法其效果很好。
We didn’t need to spend money to computerize this or create fancy displays. Simple and cheap worked just fine.
下面分享團隊中目視化控制起激勵作用的其他一些案例。
Let me share a few other examples of the motivational power of visual controls on a team.
多年前,我在邁阿密一家珠寶制造商的董事會任職。他們想通過我的幫助導入精益生產,于是我幫助他們創建了單件流單元生產線,將制造一枚戒指的時間從8周縮短到2天。
Years ago, I was on the board of a jewelry manufacturer in Miami. They asked for my help adopting lean production, and I helped them create a one-piece-flow cell that reduced the time to produce a ring from eight weeks to two days.
創建單件流生產單元的過程有些曲折,我們努力實現初始目標,即每天生產260枚戒指。
Launching the cell was a bit bumpy, and we struggled to make the initial goal of 260 rings per day.
我們逐個解決問題,并安裝了一個大型的目視化控制板,以跟蹤每小時的生產進展情況,單元生產線的13名操作人員都能看到該控制板。
We addressed our problems one by one and installed a large visual control board to track hourly progress, which all 13 operators in the cell could see.
一天傍晚,我在辦公室時,聽到單元生產線傳來一片歡呼聲。
Late one day, I was in the office when a big cheer went up from the cell.
他們已經突破并成功生產了300枚戒指,接著他們達到了350枚、400枚,最終穩定在每天450枚的產量,并且每當他們突破新的里程碑時,都會有一片歡呼聲響起。
They had broken through and produced 300 rings. They went on to hit 350, then 400, and eventually settled out at a steady 450 rings per day, with a big
cheer going up every time they passed a new milestone.
這不是因為額外的獎金,而是因為目視化控制板的激勵和團隊之間的自然競爭。
There was no separate bonus for this — just the motivation of the visual control board and the natural competitiveness of the team.
這家公司在墨西哥還有一家姊妹工廠,專門負責戒指的最后加工。我第一次去那里的時候,整個工廠每天生產450枚戒指,操作員停工時間很多。
The same company had a sister plant in Mexico dedicated to the final finishing of the rings. When I first went there, the whole plant produced 450 rings
per day, and there was a lot of operator downtime.
我們把生產分成6個生產單元,每個單元13人,并安裝了大型的小時目視控制板,還增加了團隊獎勵,用墨西哥食品券獎勵他們每天按時生產。
We organized production into six cells of 13 people each and put up big hour-by-hour visual control boards. We also added a team incentive, paid in Mexican food stamps, for making takt time each day.
一點點競爭不會有壞處,每1小時結束時,每個人都會檢查一下自己團隊的產量是否達標,然后再看看其他五組的產量情況。
At the end of each hour, everyone would check to see where they stood and then look to see where the other five teams stood. A little competition never hurts.
最終的結果是,沒過多久,6個車間每天各自生產450枚戒指,而在精益生產實踐之前,整個工廠每天生產450枚。
The net result was that, before long, each of the six cells made 450 rings per day versus the 450 for the whole plant before lean production practices.