你更喜歡手繪還是計算機化目視化管理流程
(二)
作者:Art Byrne
通過目視化管理提高績效
相比之下,當你從傳統管理轉向精益管理時,會看到所有這些動態是如何變化的。
By comparison, when you shift from traditional to lean management, you will see how all these dynamics change.
例如,從功能部門轉向價值流,通過將設備布局成單件流生產單元線,可以在幾分鐘內完成從原材料到成品的交付,而不是幾周的時間。
For example, moving from functional departments to value streams, where you position equipment to achieve one-piece-flow cells, enables you to make a complete product from raw material to a finished deliverable in minutes, not weeks.
或者,從“批量越大,成本越低”轉向“賣一個,做一個”的理念,使團隊中的每個人盡可能接近客戶——這是精益管理的理想。
Or the move from a philosophy of “the bigger the batch, the lower the cost” to “sell one, make one” gets everyone on your team as close as possible to
the customer — the lean ideal.
為了實現這一理念,必須引入節拍時間的概念,即與客戶需求的節拍或速率相連的生產節奏,使產品的作業周期時間與客戶需求的節拍時間相匹配。
To approach this ideal, you must introduce the concept of takt time, a production cadence linked to the beat, or rate, of customer demand, where you match
the cycle time to make the product to the takt time of customer demand.
生產行為全部轉變成以節拍時間導向,將把目視化控制作為重中之重,因為它幫助你充分掌控生產節奏并實時作出響應。
Making the complete shift to takt time establishes visual control as a high priority, because it will help you fully grasp your production pace and respond in
real time.
例如,如果節拍時間是60秒,一天工作8小時,午餐休息半小時,還有兩次15分鐘的小休,那么實際工作時間就是420分鐘。
If, for example, your takt time is 60 seconds, and the shift is eight hours with a half-hour for lunch and two 15-minute breaks, then your actual work time is 420 minutes.
因此,為了滿足客戶需求,每天必須制造420件產品。當你建立和配置的單元生產線按照節拍時間運作時,除非加班,否則沒有余地來彌補遲到(晚開線)或故障。
So, to keep up with customer demand, you must make 420 pieces every day. When you set up and staff the work cell to work at the takt time, you will have no
room (other than overtime) to make up for a late start or a breakdown.
為了達到每日生產目標,就需要目視化控制,告訴你計劃是什么,以及每小時是否達到目標。
To have any chance of meeting the daily production goal, you need visual controls that tell you what the plan is and whether you’re achieving it hour by hour.
你可以在一個簡單的在一張紙上展示這些信息,由作業人員或主管每小時填寫一次。如下所示:
You can display this information on a simple flip chart filled out each hour by the operators or the supervisor. It might look like this:
這種方法有幾個目的:它告訴每個人他們目前的工作是否達成設定的目標,主管可以在他們沒有達標時及時進行糾正。
This approach serves several purposes. It tells everyone whether they are on track and alerts the supervisor to make corrections when they are not.
注釋部分指出了問題可能的根本原因,這有助于防止問題再次發生。
The comments section indicates the possible root cause of problems, which helps stop them from recurring.
這些信息將客戶的需求直接傳達到車間,確保每個人都能感受到客戶的壓力。
This information essentially brings customer demand directly to the shop floor, ensuring everyone feels the pressure of the customer.