你更喜歡手繪還是計(jì)算機(jī)化目視化管理流程
(一)
作者:Art Byrne
相比如何建立目視化管理系統(tǒng),你可以——也應(yīng)該——專注于更關(guān)鍵的運(yùn)營(yíng)問(wèn)題。以下是一些重要的問(wèn)題。
You can — and should — focus on more critical operational questions than how to set up your visual management systems. Here are the questions that matter.
我非常喜歡從基本的手寫方法開始,讓事情簡(jiǎn)單化并把精力重點(diǎn)放在改善上,而不是放在巧妙的圖形上。
I strongly prefer starting with a basic handwritten approach. Keep it simple and focus on the improvements you are trying to make, not on clever graphics.
隨著時(shí)間的推移,總可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化目視化效果,但在開始時(shí)過(guò)于在意這一點(diǎn)只會(huì)分散你對(duì)實(shí)際流程改善的注意力。
As you proceed, you can always automate your visuals, but fussing with that when you’re starting will only distract from the actual process improvements you are trying to make.
真正的問(wèn)題是:為什么目視化控制對(duì)持續(xù)改善至關(guān)重要,以及如何利用它們來(lái)激勵(lì)員工、從而實(shí)現(xiàn)顯著的績(jī)效改進(jìn)和文化變革?這些目視化控制關(guān)注哪些類型的進(jìn)程?
The real questions are: Why are visual controls vital to continuous improvement in the first place, and how can you use them to motivate your workforce and lead dramatic performance
improvements and culture change? What types of progress do these visual controls track?
這些問(wèn)題基本上揭示了精益管理和傳統(tǒng)管理之間的根本區(qū)別。目視化控制將揭示傳統(tǒng)公司如何按功能或設(shè)備類型劃分部門,如鉆孔部門、沖床部門等。
Ultimately, these questions expose the fundamental differences between lean and traditional management. Visual controls will reveal how traditional companies organize work into
functional departments or equipment types, such as the drilling department, the punch-press department, and the like.
在這些公司里,沒(méi)有人(除了最后的組裝)參與生產(chǎn)最終產(chǎn)品,只參與生產(chǎn)零部件。此外,各個(gè)部門根據(jù)對(duì)客戶需求的預(yù)測(cè)來(lái)制定生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃,運(yùn)營(yíng)團(tuán)隊(duì)永遠(yuǎn)看不到實(shí)際的需求。
In these companies, nobody (except for final assembly) is involved in producing the final product, just component parts. Also, the various departments operate from a production plan
based on a forecast of what customers might want. The operations team never sees the actual demand.
最后,審視、或?qū)⒄麄€(gè)流程目視化便是毫無(wú)無(wú)意義的,因?yàn)闆](méi)有人知道自己的工作與他人的工作是如何聯(lián)系在一起的。
Finally, there’s no point in seeing or visualizing the entire process because nobody understands how their work relates to others’.
對(duì)一家傳統(tǒng)管理公司的運(yùn)營(yíng)進(jìn)行精確的目視化描述,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)浪費(fèi)無(wú)處不在。例如,你會(huì)看到不同部門的機(jī)器在不同的換產(chǎn)時(shí)間下以不同的速度運(yùn)行。
An accurate visual depiction of a traditionally managed company’s operations would reveal waste everywhere. For example, you’ll see various departments’machines running at
different speeds with different changeover times.
一家傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)營(yíng)的公司將同時(shí)生產(chǎn)200個(gè)底座和1000個(gè)蓋子,多余的部分儲(chǔ)存到庫(kù)存中。這樣的操作會(huì)造成6到8周的提前期和大量的過(guò)剩庫(kù)存,從而導(dǎo)致低庫(kù)存周轉(zhuǎn)率。
A traditionally run company will simultaneously produce 200 bases and 1,000 covers, with the excess absorbed into inventory. Such an operation creates long lead times of six to eight
weeks and enormous amounts of excess inventory, which results in low inventory turns.
這些浪費(fèi)的操作很難繪制出來(lái),或許在總裝時(shí)除外——這就解釋了為什么你在傳統(tǒng)工廠很少看到目視化控制。
These wasteful operations are hard to map, except perhaps at final assembly — which explains why you rarely see much visual control at a traditional factory.
更重要的是,例如,200個(gè)底座和1000個(gè)蓋子的目視化控制會(huì)告訴你什么?你可能會(huì)知道多做了800個(gè)蓋子,但如果沒(méi)人在乎,跟蹤又有什么意義呢?
More importantly, what, for example, would the visual control for 200 bases and 1,000 covers really tell you? You might learn that you made 800 excess covers, but if no one cares, what
is the point of tracking it?