精益意味著圍繞價(jià)值流進(jìn)行重組
By Art Byrne
作者:阿特伯恩
原文鏈接:https://www.lean.org/the-lean-post/articles/becoming-lean-means-reorganizing-around-value-streams/
Learn with two lean legends at the Lean Transformation Summit. Join Jim Womack and Art Byrne on Friday, March 15, for a hands-on workshop for senior leaders who want to create action plans for tackling their toughest lean transformation challenges.
在精益轉(zhuǎn)型峰會(huì)上與兩位精益?zhèn)髌嫒宋镆黄饘W(xué)習(xí)。在3月15日(星期五)這天與吉姆·沃麥克(Jim Womack)和阿特·伯恩(Art Byrne)一起加入為那些希望制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃以應(yīng)對(duì)最嚴(yán)峻的精益轉(zhuǎn)型挑戰(zhàn)的高級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者舉辦的一場(chǎng)實(shí)踐研討會(huì)。
Special Workshop with Art Byrne and Jim Womack!
阿特·伯恩和吉姆·沃麥克的特別工作坊!
You can’t just drop lean on a traditional batch organizational structure and hope to be successful—you will need to make a fundamental change to a value-stream type of structure.
你不能僅僅依靠以傳統(tǒng)的批量生產(chǎn)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)就希望獲得成功——你更需要對(duì)價(jià)值流類型的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行根本性的改變。
The biggest, and most common, mistake that I see companies make is thinking that they can somehow move to a lean strategy while preserving a traditional organizational structure.
我注意到公司犯的最大也是最常見的錯(cuò)誤是,他們認(rèn)為自己可以在保留傳統(tǒng)組織結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí),以某種方式轉(zhuǎn)向精益戰(zhàn)略。
This can happen only if you are okay with pretending to be lean. If you want to truly be lean and get all the benefits available from this, you can’t maintain your traditional structure.
只有當(dāng)你假裝自己將開始進(jìn)行精益轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí),這種情況才會(huì)發(fā)生。如果你想真正做到精益,并從中獲得所有好處,你就不能保持傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)不變。
Let me give you some examples. Lean strategy calls for making products (or providing services, as the case may be) in a one-piece flow, as this provides the best quality, lowest cost, and fastest response to the customer.
舉幾個(gè)案例,精益戰(zhàn)略要求以單件流方式生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品(或提供服務(wù),視情況而定),因?yàn)檫@樣可以為客戶提供最好的質(zhì)量,最低的成本,以及最快的響應(yīng)。
Your current structure, however, has functional departments based on equipment type if you are a manufacturer, or based on some narrow skill set if you are a service company.
然而,如果你是一家制造商,目前的公司結(jié)構(gòu)是基于設(shè)備類型來劃分職能部門的方式,你是一家服務(wù)公司,你的職能部門是基于一些有限的不同的技能來劃分的。
The only way to change to one-piece flow is to bust up the functional silos. In addition, the move to lean requires a pull system where you can connect the customer demand directly to the shop floor, thus drastically
cutting lead times.
企業(yè)將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閱渭鞯奈ㄒ环椒ň褪谴蚱坡毮懿块T結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,向精益的轉(zhuǎn)變需要一個(gè)拉動(dòng)系統(tǒng),您可以將客戶需求直接連接到車間,從而大幅縮短交貨期。
The traditional approach, on the other hand, uses a material resource planning (MRP 1) system and a forecasting system to push production through to the shelf in the hope that
someone will buy it.
另一方面,傳統(tǒng)的方法使用物料資源計(jì)劃(MRP 1)系統(tǒng)和預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)將產(chǎn)品推向貨架,希望有人會(huì)購(gòu)買。
This is true for distributors and retailers as well as for manufacturing companies.
對(duì)于分銷商和零售商以及制造公司來說都是如此。
Service companies don’t necessarily use MRP, but they often have some sort of batch process (like entering everything into the computer) that takes place before they release their
incoming demand to the first functional silo.
服務(wù)公司不一定使用MRP,但他們通常將得到的需求發(fā)給第一個(gè)職能部門之前會(huì)進(jìn)行某種批處理(比如將所有內(nèi)容輸入計(jì)算機(jī))。
Push systems and pull systems are exactly opposite. In addition, in the traditional organization, the way we sell things, develop new products, and even do the accounting are all
almost exactly opposite from the way we want to do the same things with lean.
推動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和拉動(dòng)系統(tǒng)完全相反。此外,在傳統(tǒng)組織中,銷售產(chǎn)品、開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品、甚至做會(huì)計(jì)記賬的做事方式,幾乎都與我們想要以精益的方法做同樣事情的方式完全相反。
Leading Lean Change
引領(lǐng)精益變革
This notion that “everything has to change” is a big hurdle for most CEOs to get over. It’s one of the reasons that so few organizations have made the lean transformation.
“一切都必須改變”的觀念是大多數(shù)CEO需要克服的一大障礙,這也是為何只有很少的組織進(jìn)行精益轉(zhuǎn)型的原因之一。
At the heart of a lean turnaround, you are really trying to transform your people. Lean requires that people change their thinking, including their most basic instincts about how to
organize work.
精益轉(zhuǎn)型的核心是,你真的在努力轉(zhuǎn)變員工。精益要求員工改變自己的思維,包括關(guān)于如何組織工作的最基本的本能方面的改變。
The more seniority and status a person has, the harder he will be to change. You can’t just one day say, “OK, everyone: now you have to change the way you think about how
work is done” and have it happen.
一個(gè)人的資歷和地位越高,就越難改變。你不可能在某一天說,“好了,各位:現(xiàn)在你們必須改變工作方式的思維”,然后它就實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
This approach will go nowhere. You have to lead the change.
這種做法是行不通的,你必須領(lǐng)導(dǎo)變革。
Here’s a powerful idea for making this happen: recognize that switching to lean requires both the organization and the people to change. You can use one as a lever for the other.
實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)有一個(gè)非常有用的方法:認(rèn)識(shí)到向精益轉(zhuǎn)變需要組織和員工都做出改變。你可以用其中一個(gè)作為另一個(gè)的杠桿。
In other words, to change the people, change their environment. Remind yourself that structure drives behavior. So, get your people out of their silos as quickly as possible.
換言之,要改變員工,先改變他們的環(huán)境。提醒自己,結(jié)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)行為。所以,讓員工盡快走出自己的孤島。
I recommend doing this before the first kaizen (we did it that way at Wiremold, and it worked very well). Even if the restructuring is only on paper at first, make sure that everyone
knows what is coming so that there are no surprises.
我建議在第一次改善之前這樣做(我們?cè)诰€模公司就是這樣做的,而且效果很好)。即使重組最初只是紙上談兵,也要確保每個(gè)人都知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么,這樣就不會(huì)讓大家感到驚訝。