為什么有一位精益老師很有必要?(下)
By Art Byrne
作者:阿特伯恩
February 23, 2022
2022年2月23日
Then we came across the Shingijutsu consultants. They were from Nagoya, Japan, and had all had spent their careers at Toyota — the last ten years or so working directly with Taiichi
Ohno, the father of the Toyota Production System.
然后我們遇到了來自日本名古屋的新技術咨詢顧問,他們都是在豐田度過了自己的職業生涯——在過去的十年里都直接與TPS之父大野耐一先生一起工作。
They spoke only Japanese and never gave us a PowerPoint or even a written report. Instead, they taught us how to organize and run a kaizen event and always guided people hands-on on the shop floor.
他們只說日語,從來沒有給過我們一頁ppt,亦或甚至是一個書面報告。相反,他們教我們如何組織和開展一個改善周活動,并總是在車間里親自手把手地教授員工動手。
Most importantly, they taught us how to see — and learn how to eliminate — waste. They were very rough and called themselves “Insultants.”
最重要的是,他們教會了我們如何觀察浪費和學習如何消除浪費。他們非常粗暴,自稱為“絕緣體”。
But, boy, did we learn fast. We did whatever they told us to do even when we thought it was the stupidest thing we ever heard (which was about 50% of the time).
但是,我們學得非常快。我們做了老師們告訴我們要做的任何事情,即使我們認為這是我們聽過的最愚蠢的事情(大約有50%的時間都是這樣子的)。
And if their suggestion did not work the first time, which occurred most of the time, we would never let it go back to the way it was. We just stuck with the change and fixed it.
如果他們的建議第一次不奏效(而大多數時候都是這樣),我們也不會讓它退回到原來的樣子,我們只要堅持這種改變并固化它即可。
We learned — as you will too — that the consultants can’t always be with you. We had them for one week per month.
我們知道(你也會知道),顧問不可能一直和你在一起。顧問每個月輔導我們一個星期。
We needed to do kaizen every day, so we created a Kaizen Promotion Office staffed with some of our brightest talent.
而我們需要每天都做改善,所以我們成立了一個改善推進辦公室(KPO),配備了一些我們最能干的人才。
To prepare, we had them stick to the Shingijutsu consultants while they were in town to learn from them.
為改善做準備,當老師們在輔導這一周時,我們讓KPO的人員堅持跟著老師們學習。
They spent the other three weeks of the month running and following up on kaizen work — an essential step that must be part of your plan.
讓他們在另外的三周時間來跟進改善工作——這是工作計劃的重要步驟。
We had to train the KPO in-house, as there was no other lean expertise out there back in 1987.
在1987年沒有其他精益專業知識,所以我們必須內部培訓KPO。
Today you have the luxury of being able to hire outside lean expertise to start your own KPO as well as train your in-house talent.
今天,你可以聘請外部精益專家來成立自己的KPO,并培訓內部人才。
The KPO’s full-time job is kaizen and learning to become lean experts, which is a wonderful training ground for your future lean leaders: two years in the KPO then on to higher management roles.
KPO的全職工作是改善并學習成為精益專家,這是未來精益領導者的很好的訓練場地:在KPO工作兩年,然后晉升到更高的管理職位。
Your lean sensei will provide expertise and push your people to remove waste.
精益老師將提供專業知識并推動員工消除浪費。
For example, Shingijutsu pushed us hard and showed us how to create one-piece-flow cells and standard work.
例如,新技術老師極力地推動我們,并教授我們如何創建單件流單元生產線和標準工作。
They could merely look at something, say, “this is all no good,” and then quickly show us a much better way. Without their challenges, not much would have happened.
他們只是看了一下就說,“這些都不好”,然后迅速向教授我們一個更好的方法。如果沒有老師們的挑戰,我們就不會做出任何改變。
Take the simple example of setup reduction: If you need two to three hours to set up your equipment, you are forced to produce in batches, eliminating your ability to achieve flow.
以減少換模時間作為一個簡單案例:如果需要2到3個小時來換模,你將只好進行批量生產,從而消除了實現連續流的能力。
Unfortunately, most traditional managers take setup times for granted, saying, “Nothing we can do about that.”
不幸的是,大多數傳統的管理者認為換模時間長是理所當然的,他們說:“我們對此無能為力。”
A lean sensei will stop you cold if you think that way. Prodded by these guides, I got involved in setup-reduction kaizen events that reduced:
如果你這樣想,精益老師會嚴厲地讓你停止這種想法。在這些老師的指導下,我參與了減少換模時間的改善周:
a rolling mill from 14 hours to 6 minutes
一臺軋機,換模時間從14小時減少到6分鐘
a 750-ton injection molding machine from 5 hours to 5 minutes
一臺750噸的注塑機,換模時間從5小時減少到5分鐘
a 150-ton punch press from 3 hours and 10 minutes to 1 minute
一臺150噸的沖壓機,換模時間從3小時10分鐘減少到1分鐘
a cold header stamping press from 2 hours to 1 minute
一臺冷鐓沖壓機,換模時間2小時減少至1分鐘
a complicated file folder assembly machine from 3 hours 45 minutes to 5 minutes
一個復雜的文件夾組裝機器,換模時間從3小時45分鐘到5分鐘
We achieved these improvements with only minimal capital spending. Machines we used to change three times per week at Wiremold, we started changing 20 to 30 times per
day. Without the outside sensei, none of this would have happened.
我們只用了最少的資金花費就實現了這些改善。過去我們在線模公司時,機器每周換模三次,現在改為每天換模20到30次。如果沒有外面的顧問老師,這一切都不會發生。
When I was an operating partner in a private equity firm, I would serve as chairman of many of the companies we bought.
當我還是一家私募股權公司的運營合伙人時,我就會擔任我們收購的許多公司的董事長。
One of the first things I did in each case was line up the company with a great outside lean consultant, either Shingijutsu or someone trained by them.
在每個收購的案例中,我做的第一件事就是讓公司安排一位優秀的外部精益顧問,這些精益顧問要么是日本新技術公司的,要么是他們培訓過的顧問。
Next, I would have the company create a Kaizen Promotion Office and staff it with some of their highest potential employees, so they could learn from the outside consultants.
接下來,我會讓公司成立一個改善推進辦公室KPO,并配備一些最具潛力的員工,這樣他們就可以向外部顧問學習。
This approach allowed us to do new kaizen events every week while following up on prior ones.
這種方法使得我們可以每周做新的改善周活動,同時跟進維持之前的改善周。
It built tremendous momentum in every company. Without introducing the lean expertise of the outside consultants, we would have made slow progress, if any at all.
它在每家公司都形成了巨大的沖力。如果不引入外部顧問的精益專業知識,我們即使有進展也是非常緩慢的。
But don’t forget management’s role in adopting lean thinking and practices. Yes, you need the outside help to bring the lean expertise and “lean eyes” to bear on
the waste within your company. But management must eventually become lean experts themselves.
但不要忘記管理層在采用精益思維和實踐方面的作用。是的,你需要外部的幫助,帶來精益的專業知識和“精益的眼睛”來處理公司內部的浪費。但管理層最終必須成為精益專家。
When we first started working with Shingijutsu, George and I spent as much time with them as possible, asking questions and getting their insights.
當我們第一次開始與新技術公司合作時,喬治和我花了盡可能多的時間參與其中,問問題并獲得老師的見解。
Not only were we with them on the shop floor, but we ate dinner with them every night and played golf with them on weekends so we could pump them for more information.
我們不僅和老師們一起在車間,而且每晚都和老師一起吃晚餐,周末和他們一起打高爾夫球,這樣我們就可以向他們了解更多信息。
My recommendation is that every senior staff member participates in six week-long kaizen teams each year and that the CEO, at least for the first year or two, be on 12 week-long kaizen teams per year.
我的建議是,每一位高級管理者每年要參加為期6周的改善團隊,而CEO至少在第一年或兩年,每年要參加12個改善周。
Get yourself a sensei and give it a try.
找一位精益咨詢老師,試一試!